Skip to main content

lsof command and options

lsof - list open files. An  open file may be a regular file, a directory, a block special file, a character special file, an executing text reference, a library, a stream or a network file (Internet socket, NFS file or UNIX domain socket.)  A specific file or all the files in a file system may be selected by path. Given that this command identifies which files are being used, this information can be used when disk can not be unmounted due to files being used or opened.
Type the following command:
$lsof
    lsof.png
Herein -
FD – stands for File descriptor and may have some of the values as:
  1. cwd current working directory
  2. rtd root directory
  3. txt program text (code and data)
  4. mem memory-mapped file
Also in FD column numbers like 41u is actual file descriptor and followed by u,r,w of it’s mode as:
  1. r for read access.
  2. w for write access.
  3. u for read and write access.
TYPE – of files and it’s identification.
  1. DIR – Directory
  2. REG – Regular file
  3. CHR – Character special file.
  4. FIFO – First In First Out
  5. IPv4
  6. IPv6
OPTIONS
-u s selects the listing of files for the user whose login names or user ID numbers are in the comma-separated set s -  e.g.,  ``abe'', or ``548,root''.  (There should be no spaces in the set.)
    $lsof -u tarun
-i [i] selects the listing of files any of whose Internet address matches the address specified in i. If no address is specified, this option selects the listing of all Internet and x.25 (HP-UX) network files. Following command lists all network connections listening and established -
$lsof -i
Screenshot from 2015-07-22 14:35:31.png
An Internet address is specified in the form (Items in square brackets are optional.):
[46][protocol][@hostname|hostaddr][:service|port]
    $lsof -i TCP:80
Screenshot from 2015-07-22 14:13:46.png
List running processes of open files of TCP port range from 1-800
    $lsof -i TCP:1-800
Screenshot from 2015-07-22 14:25:27.png
If -i4 or -i6 is specified with no following address, only files of the indicated IP version, IPv4 or IPv6,  are  displayed.
    $lsof -i4
    Screenshot from 2015-07-22 14:22:02.png
    $lsof -i6
Screenshot from 2015-07-22 14:22:30.png

-p s excludes or selects the listing of files for the processes  whose  optional  process  IDentification  (PID)  numbers  are  in  the comma-separated set s - e.g., ``123'' or ``123,^456''.  (There should be no spaces in the set.) PID numbers that begin with `^' (negation) represent exclusions.

        $lsof -p 2499

-t   specifies  that  lsof  should  produce  terse output with process identifiers only and no header - e.g., so that the output may be piped to kill(1)

        $lsof -p 2499

        $kill -9 `lspf -t -u tarun`
Labels:

Popular posts from this blog

Using xPath to reach parent of an element

Note: If you are new to java and selenium then start with selenium java training videos .   I prefer css locator over xPath but there are times when css locators don't fit requirement. One such requirement is when you want to navigate to parent element of an element and may be parent of parent and even more. Unfortunately css locators don't provide any mechanism to navigate to parent of an element. See this for more. Of late I came across a scenario when I wanted to click on a link depending upon the text in a text box. Herein parent of text box and parent of link were at the same location. More over there could have been many such combinations in application. Fortunately I just need to pick first such instance and Web Driver any way considers only first instance when multiple locators are found matching an element. Element in question is in following html - Here I need to click on highlighted anchor on the basis of input element (which is also hig...
Read more

Selenium Tutorial: Ant Build for Selenium Java project

Ant is a build tool which could be used to have your tests running either from command line or from Hudson CI tool. There is detailed documentation available for ant here but probably you need to know only a little part of it for you selenium tests. The essentials which are needed to know are: Project Target (ant execution point and collection of tasks) Tasks (could be as simple as compilation) And there would usually be following targets for Selenium tools - setClassPath - so that ant knows where you jar files are loadTestNG - so that you could use testng task in ant and use it to execute testng tests from ant init - created the build file clean - delete the build file compile - compiles the selenium tests run - executes the selenium tests Here is my project set up for ant -
8 comments
Read more

Verify email confirmation using Selenium WebDriver

Note: If you are new to java and selenium then start with selenium java training videos .   How to Verify Email Confirmation Using Selenium 4 and JavaMail (2026 Guide) Email confirmation is a critical part of most registration flows — account activation, password reset, multi-factor authentication, and onboarding. Every automation engineer eventually faces the same challenge: How do you verify an email confirmation link inside a Selenium test without making it slow and flaky? The wrong instinct is to automate Gmail's UI with Selenium. It's fragile, slow, and breaks constantly. The right approach: Use Selenium for browser automation Use JavaMail (IMAP) to read the email directly Extract the confirmation link Continue the test in Selenium Why Not Automate Gmail UI With Selenium? Automating the Gmail UI means logging in, searching, clicking a message, and parsing content from a third-party interface that changes frequently. This leads to: Flaky...
13 comments
Read more